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Cyberwarfare
Cyberwarfare has been defined as "actions by a nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for the purposes of causing damage or disruption,"〔Clarke, Richard A. ''Cyber War'', HarperCollins (2010) ISBN 9780061962233〕 but other definitions also include non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, companies, political or ideological extremist groups, hacktivists, and transnational criminal organizations.
Some governments have made it an integral part of their overall military strategy, with some having invested heavily in cyberwarfare capability.〔Lynn, William J. III. ("Defending a New Domain: The Pentagon's Cyberstrategy" ), ''Foreign Affairs'', Sept/Oct. 2010, pp. 97–108〕〔Clapper, James R. ("Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community " ), Senate Armed Services Committee, Feb. 26, 2015 p. 1〕〔Lisa Lucile Owens, Justice and Warfare in Cyberspace, The Boston Review (2015), available at ()〕〔Poole-Robb, Stuart. ("Turkish blackout sparks fears of cyber attack on the West" ), ITProPortal.com, May 19, 2015〕
== Types of threat ==
Cyberattacks, where damage or disruption is caused are the main concern.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cyberattacks, Terrorism Top U.S. Security Threat Report )〕
Cyber espionage, which can provide the information needed to launch a successful attack.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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